Terwijl af en toe een glaasje alcohol juist tegen dementie lijkt te beschermen, stijgt bij hoge alcoholinname het risico op dementie extreem. Bij zware drinkers gaat het om een verdrievoudiging van dat risico.
Iemand wordt als zware drinker beschouwd bij meer dan vier tot zes glazen alcohol per dag; zestig gram pure alcohol voor mannen en veertig gram pure alcohol voor vrouwen. Voor vrijwel alle vormen van dementie stijgt het risico met zware alcoholinname, maar vooral ook voor dementie op jonge leeftijd. Drankgebruik blijkt daarmee de grootste, beïnvloedbare factor te zijn die kan leiden tot dementie (Schwarzinger et al., 2018).
Tijdens de studie, die werd gepubliceerd in The Lancet Public Health, werden de gegevens van 30 miljoen Fransen gedurende een periode van zes jaar geanalyseerd. Ruim 80 procent van de Franse bevolking van 60 jaar en ouder was onderdeel van dit cohort. De helft van de mensen met dementie op jonge leeftijd bleek een verleden van overmatig alcoholgebruik te hebben. Alcoholgebruik is daarom een belangrijk, en vaak over het hoofd gezien, aandachtspunt voor artsen en therapeuten bij hun anamnese.
De studie maakt ook ruim baan voor voorlichtingscampagnes van de overheid over de risico’s van te hoge alcoholconsumptie. Wil je je hersenen beschermen, dan is een van de beste dingen die je kunt doen sterk te minderen met alcohol, zo is de boodschap. Dementie komt zeer veel voor, de prevalentie is zeven procent onder mensen van zestig jaar en ouder. Hoeveel minder gevallen van dementie we kunnen verwachten als mensen minder drinken, is nu precies uitgerekend en blijkt fenomenaal hoog.
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DNA onderzoek: Van wangslijm sample tot DNA Boek, extra diagnose
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